Texts and Techs

 

Finding the Light

omni-light

By Robert Notar

Lighting has come a long way since the early days of cinema. When film first started in the early 1900s, films were shot only during the day and the studio was just a room with a glass roof to let in natural sunlight, very much like a greenhouse. As time progressed, film lighting was achieved with coiled filament gas-filled lamps, then carbon arc lamps, and finally high incandescent lamps for wide range studio distances. The incandescent lamps are still being used today. There are many different systems being used today, but I will discuss the two systems that I think are best for making independent films.

Lowel is first. I love this lighting system. The Lowel DP with barn doors is a very easy and efficient lighting system. Lowel has a kit available called the 4 DP light kit.

It contains four 1000 watt lamps that combined will produce a highly incandescent light for large spaces; four barn doors to open and close to adjust the amount of light being emitted; and you can attach gels and filters to the barn doors to control color temperature

for diffusion to soften the light. It also has four mounting stands, one DP Lampak case to store the lamps, and one large multi case for the stands and accessories. Scrims are not included but are just as important to purchase. Scrims are wire mesh plates used to lessen light intensity and flags to eliminate excess light. Lowell lighting is very effective and is light on the dollar for renting.

KINO-FLO light systems is second;  a bit more pricey but quite versatile. They are best known for its fluorescent tube-based systems that are optimized for color temperatures of film and modern-dat video. KINO-FLO tubes produce less heat and fit into smaller spaces, which makes it a very popular feature for the cinematographer.

KINO-FLO was created in 1987 during the filming of the movie “Barfly.” The Director of Photography, Robby Mueller, was filming in a cramped space and couldn’t fit the traditional lights in the location. So to fix the problem, the films gaffer, Fieder Hochheim, and best boy,

Gary Swink, designed a high-output fluorescent light unit small enough to be taped to the wall. The two men created the company KINO-FLO Inc. and the new compact lights were embraced by filmmakers everywhere.

KINO-FLO has expanded their tube line for optimized effects for blue screen and green screen spectra, along with other color shades. This lighting system is great because you can replace and adjust the tubes for both day and night shooting. A flozier – a white cloth that fits over the KINO-FLO – is also important for diffusion and softening the light. A typical KINO-FLO offering is the 401 Fixture. It has 4-lamp/2-lamps switching; built- in barn doors; center mount; reflectors to bounce light; and dimmer for light intensity adjustment.

The Lowel and the KINO-FLO are both great lighting systems that are easy and very effective for high quality images. Give them a try. You can rent them at most film lighting stores. And if you’re looking to learn from the best, study the films of Val Lewton. He made very good, low-budget films in the 1940s that are famous for their artistic and highly atmospheric quality. “The Curse of the Cat People,” and “I Walked with a Zombie,” are especially good.

Good luck and Shine on…………………..

Robert Notar was born and raised in Jamaica, NY.  He was in a horrible accident as a teen, when he stuck his head out of a moving train and was struck by a pole in a tunnel. He was pronounced dead after his head was shattered, but miraculously recovered. Due to Notar’s accident he lost vision in his right eye, but that didn’t prevent him from seeing through the filmmakers eye. He took on as many visual projects as possible, studied professional photography, and acquired a love for painting, sculpture, music and cinema.  As a self taught filmmaker, Notar studies film books and puts them to the test every day on the job. He is an expert on all the technicalities on set and is currently gearing up to test his skills in screenwriting and composing. Notar’s motto: “Cinema is my life and my life is cinema- and I wouldn’t want it any other way.”

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The Screenwriter’s Workbook

The Screenwriter's Workbook (A Dell trade paperback)

By La Rivers

We are living in the most exciting era of vision execution!  We are old enough to appreciate the strength and struggle of our past, but young enough to see how this has lead us toward a wondrous evolution into our future… especially creatively.  With the modern application of technology made available to all of us, we can all be visionaries without hesitation and we can express our creativity very effectively, especially with proper organization and structure.

Those of us who are filmmakers (actors, writers, producers, directors) take a special interest in the screenplay.  There’s nothing like well structured and organized text to make a story feel like a modern day experience to the reader.  Many of us, including myself, have amazing ideas and great stories to tell and we want to get them told in the most effective way possible.  The key to a great film begins with a great foundation. This foundation is your screenplay.  A story idea is only and idea, without proper execution.  In order to make your screenplay come alive, and get it sold (for those who are interested in going beyond telling a good bedtime story) you need structure.

One of my writing partners and mentors introduced me to a wonderful DVD learning series called Syd Field’s Screenwriting Workshop. Personally, I’m more of a novelist, always telling my stories from my Leo perspective. What I had to learn was that a screenplay is not a novel because the action takes place inside the characters head (obviously)… and in order to produce a good film, I needed to turn my novel into a screenplay.

This DVD series and Field’s subsequent workshops/books were really instrumental in helping me to understand the structure that keeps a reader and/or an  audience interested, affected and yearning for more.

Field’s screenwriting DVD learning series is a wonderful tool for use with the screenwriting software program, Final Draft.  For those who are familiar, he has also been included in the Final Draft program under the section, “Ask The Expert,” where he gives help on writing screenplays.  In the DVD learning series, Field will walk you through getting started on your screenplay, creating your character, writing the screenplay and even rewriting your screenplay (which good screenwriters do over and over again moving toward screenwriting perfection).

You certainly don’t have to be an expert.  You can even be a novice, a first-timer.  All you have to have is an idea, and the passion for making the idea come to life in an incredible movie. He has taught some of the most successful screenwriters in Hollywood this very same workshop. In the introduction, the purpose is to guide you through the process from the inception of the idea to actual completion of the finished script.  He teaches you to write the screenplay you want to write, working within the context of your screenplay.  He will often say, “Writing a screenplay is a process, what you write today is going to be out of date tomorrow…don’t be too attached.” Within the context of your story, “…if it works, use it and if it doesn’t, don’t”.  He speaks about discipline, and organizing your time to write a your screenplay and the whole experience being a process.  There are also exercises and assignments for you to complete.

In the Getting Started section, you’ll begin with an idea and then break it down into an action & character, and then you’ll structure it into a complete dramatic entity with a beginning, middle and end. Then you’ll write a 4 page narrative treatment of the story focusing on the elements of dramatic structure. By the time you’re done with this section you’ll have written a full treatment!!!

In Part 2, you’ll create the characters, define their dramatic needs, plot their course of action, their emotional arc, and discuss the nature and function of dialogue. In Part 3, you will actually write your screenplay. You will prepare, structure and write Acts 1, 2 and 3, beginning, middle and end. In Part 4, you will rewrite your screenplay (tightening and polishing the first draft). When you finish the course you will have a written a professional screenplay ready to submit to Hollywood or investors for funding.

Field uses films like “Shawshank Redemption” and “Titanic” to illustrate good examples of screenplay writing, but please don’t be intimidated – they are simple stories and the brilliance is in the structure and simplicity.  His most important contribution has been in his articulation of the ideal paradigm “Three Act Structure.”  In this structure, the film should be set up within the first 20 minutes or so before the main character experiences a “plot point” that gives him/her a goal to achieve in the story.  You will notice that films that have not done this are initially difficult to follow and/or become a bit uninteresting 20-30 minutes into the film.

Field currently teaches screenwriting at the Master of Professional Writing Program at the University of Southern California and travels around the world giving seminars and workshops to film professionals.  He also has several other published books on the topic of screenwriting.  Check out SydField.com… you can check me, La Rivers, out on Facebook.com/larivers… Happy writing!

The Screenwriter’s Workbook

We are living in the most exciting era of vision execution!  We are old enough to appreciate the strength and struggle of our past, but young enough to see how this has lead us toward a wondrous evolution into our future… especially creatively.  With the modern application of technology made available to all of us, we can all be visionaries without hesitation and we can express our creativity very effectively, especially with proper organization and structure.

Those of us who are filmmakers (actors, writers, producers, directors) take a special interest in the screenplay.  There’s nothing like well structured and organized text to make a story feel like a modern day experience to the reader.  Many of us, including myself, have amazing ideas and great stories to tell and we want to get them told in the most effective way possible.  The key to a great film begins with a great foundation. This foundation is your screenplay.  A story idea is only and idea, without proper execution.  In order to make your screenplay come alive, and get it sold (for those who are interested in going beyond telling a good bedtime story) you need structure.

One of my writing partners and mentors introduced me to a wonderful DVD learning series called Syd Field’s Screenwriting Workshop. Personally, I’m more of a novelist, always telling my stories from my Leo perspective. What I had to learn was that a screenplay is not a novel because the action takes place inside the characters head (obviously)… and in order to produce a good film, I needed to turn my novel into a screenplay.

This DVD series and Field’s subsequent workshops/books were really instrumental in helping me to understand the structure that keeps a reader and/or an  audience interested, affected and yearning for more.

Field’s screenwriting DVD learning series is a wonderful tool for use with the screenwriting software program, Final Draft.  For those who are familiar, he has also been included in the Final Draft program under the section, “Ask The Expert,” where he gives help on writing screenplays.  In the DVD learning series, Field will walk you through getting started on your screenplay, creating your character, writing the screenplay and even rewriting your screenplay (which good screenwriters do over and over again moving toward screenwriting perfection).

You certainly don’t have to be an expert.  You can even be a novice, a first-timer.  All you have to have is an idea, and the passion for making the idea come to life in an incredible movie. He has taught some of the most successful screenwriters in Hollywood this very same workshop. In the introduction, the purpose is to guide you through the process from the inception of the idea to actual completion of the finished script.  He teaches you to write the screenplay you want to write, working within the context of your screenplay.  He will often say, “Writing a screenplay is a process, what you write today is going to be out of date tomorrow…don’t be too attached.” Within the context of your story, “…if it works, use it and if it doesn’t, don’t”.  He speaks about discipline, and organizing your time to write a your screenplay and the whole experience being a process.  There are also exercises and assignments for you to complete.

In the Getting Started section, you’ll begin with an idea and then break it down into an action & character, and then you’ll structure it into a complete dramatic entity with a beginning, middle and end. Then you’ll write a 4 page narrative treatment of the story focusing on the elements of dramatic structure. By the time you’re done with this section you’ll have written a full treatment!!!

In Part 2, you’ll create the characters, define their dramatic needs, plot their course of action, their emotional arc, and discuss the nature and function of dialogue. In Part 3, you will actually write your screenplay. You will prepare, structure and write Acts 1, 2 and 3, beginning, middle and end. In Part 4, you will rewrite your screenplay (tightening and polishing the first draft). When you finish the course you will have a written a professional screenplay ready to submit to Hollywood or investors for funding.

Field uses films like “Shawshank Redemption” and “Titanic” to illustrate good examples of screenplay writing, but please don’t be intimidated – they are simple stories and the brilliance is in the structure and simplicity.  His most important contribution has been in his articulation of the ideal paradigm “Three Act Structure.”  In this structure, the film should be set up within the first 20 minutes or so before the main character experiences a “plot point” that gives him/her a goal to achieve in the story.  You will notice that films that have not done this are initially difficult to follow and/or become a bit uninteresting 20-30 minutes into the film.

Field currently teaches screenwriting at the Master of Professional Writing Program at the University of Southern California and travels around the world giving seminars and workshops to film professionals.  He also has several other published books on the topic of screenwriting.  Check out SydField.com… you can check me, La Rivers, out on Facebook.com/larivers… Happy writing!

La Rivers

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Tech Talk

Documentary-style run-and-gun is my passion, but my desire to explore narrative storytelling led me to realize my video camera’s cinematic limitations. The industry has made incredible strides in the last 10 years on bridging that film-to video visual gap for independent filmmakers, including 24p, 16:9 aspect ratio, HD, cinematic gamma color correction, and other post-production tools.  But the inability to change focal lengths and depth of field [DOF] on video cameras handicaps the film purists and video storytellers who crave those missing photographic elements.  The latest technology of lens adapters brings renewed possibilities into the digital filmmaker’s toybox.

The most popular workhorse prosumer cameras have a fixed lens that does not allow adjustments of focal length beyond the wide and telephoto options. Nor do they offer adequate aperature options that empower the filmmaker with total control of DOF. Lens adapters allow filmmakers to attach a prime lens in front of the fixed lens of the video camera and create shots enriched with shallower DOF and variable angles of view. The use of prime lenses also creates slightly softer edges, moving another step away from the crisp “video” look.

One of the few drawbacks of the adapter is that its additional weight and rods make it an unlikely option for handheld documentary and reality-based shoots. Unless the focus for the prime lenses can be mechanized for steadicam or handheld use with assistance of a focus puller, the filmmaker is still restricted to stationary tripod and dolly shots.  But a documentary’s aesthetics are still greatly enlivened by the new choices with a lens adapter, and can create a photographically lush interview shot or enrich a simple B-roll shot with a clean rack focus.

Another consideration of the adapter is that the image is rotated 180 degrees before it reaches the camera and viewfinder. There are optional image adapters available that insert between the videocamera and the lens adapter, and flips the image right-side-up before it reaches the chip and viewfinder. With the image adapter, the video is viewed, recorded, and captured right-side up.  Without it, the cameraperson must adjust to seeing the image upside down.  If the camera’s settings allow, you can flip the image in the viewfinder.  Or you can connect a lightweight external monitor and set the monitor upside-down. But the video must be rotated 180 degrees in post-production.  The rotation can be automated, but it is another step added to the workflow.

These new tools further bridge the gap between video and celluloid filmmaking, but it isn’t an inexpensive solution. Lens adapters on the market are made to fit specific brands of SLR prime lenses, including Canon, Nikon, Minolta, Pentax and Olympus. The current retail price range is $800-$5000. There are also popular DIY solutions available online, as well as enthusiasts who custom make them for a more economical fee, but with no warranty.  Regardless of the adapter chosen, the filmmaker needs to own or access the prime lenses that fit the brand for the selected lens adapter.  Upcoming part two of this article reviews some of the popular lens adapters on the market and the DIY option.

-Robin Laverne Wilson

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“Baad Bitches” & Sassy Supermamas: Black Power Action Films

In “Baad Bitches” & Sassy Supermamas: Black Power Action Films, Stephanie Dunn attacks  race, gender, heroism, politically correctness and consciousness all in one. She explores the idea of what it really means to be a strong black woman and how the roles in cinema reflect those images.

Dunn expresses her thoughts on images during the Blaxpoitation Era by reaching back into the 70s, exploring films like Cleopatra Jones, Foxy Brown and Sweet Sweetback’s Baadasssss Song and bringing us up to date where the images of black woman in music and film collide.

She questions what really makes these women heroes: Is it their sexuality, their power, their self-assuredness? And why do those heroines have the ability to transfer those images onto young black women seeking their sense self purpose. The breakthrough of an entire race rests so heavily on images that pose internal conflicts and conjure subtle cheers just for recognition, with a hint of guilt that co-exists, tracing back to the double consciousness of being black in America.

Chapters touch on the Black Movie Going Experience, Sex as a Means of Film Production, Aesthetic Strategy, and Maculating/Emasculating “The Man.” Dunn doesn’t look at films in the scope of what films and images are going to make money, she examines films from the perspective a woman who wants to tell her story the way it should be told, through the eyes of a Black woman. She questions the creation of Black action figures by questioning the creators, and points out that the creations are reflection of how the creators see Black life, and the creators are more than often, not Black. She challenges the filmmaker to create moving image “not as it is, but as it should be.”

With the hope that black woman can make their way in this world, not as just sex symbols, but as multidimensional creatures who handle business beyond the bedroom — she charges for filmmakers who have the power to change those images to use it.

-Crystyn C. Wright

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We Gotta Have It

It’s well known that there simply aren’t enough critical texts about black cinema. Immediately, Donald Bogle’s Toms, Coons, Mulattoes, Mammies, and Bucks: An Interpretive History of Blacks in American Film comes to mind as one of the pioneers of chronicling black films and connecting them to the present.

With this new era of black directors, writers, actors, and producers— a new companion  book is necessary. Critic and founder of Seeingblack.com, Esther Iverem offers us, We Gotta Have It: Twenty Years of Seeing Black in the Movies, 1986-2006. Bringing over six hundred pages of critical reviews, commentary, and interviews, this tome promises to be a must-read for anyone who has an interest in the critical discussion of blacks in film.

Iverem’s We Gotta Have It, in a special way, reminds us of how the black narrative has developed via the silver screen in the past twenty years (or regressed) to the stereotypes Donald Bogle writes about in his seminal text, Toms, Coons, Mulattoes…. Most important, this collection should get its readers thinking about where the black narrative ought to go. In 2010, the game has changed so much. How can the film-going audience use its collective power to shape the kinds of images we want to see of ourselves. This is the conversation Black Shorts would like to inspire.

-Abdul Ali

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